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Psychological first aid (PFA) is a technique designed to reduce the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder. It was developed by the (National Center for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ) (NC-PTSD), a section of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, in 2006. It has been spread by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Community Emergency Response Team (CERT), the American Psychological Association (APA) and many others. It was developed in a two-day intensive collaboration, involving more than 25 disaster mental health researchers, an online survey of the first cohort that used PFA and repeated reviews of the draft.〔Bisson & Lewis 2009. Systematic Review of PFA. WHO〕 http://www.ptsd.va.gov/professional/manuals/psych-first-aid.asp == Definition == According to the NC-PTSD, psychological first aid is an evidence-informed modular approach for assisting people in the immediate aftermath of disaster and terrorism to reduce initial distress and to foster short and long-term adaptive functioning. It was used by non-mental health experts, such as responders and volunteers. Other characteristics include non-intrusive pragmatic care and assessing needs. PFA does not necessarily involve discussion of the traumatic event. Components: * Protecting from further harm * Opportunity to talk without pressure * Active listening * Compassion * Addressing and acknowledging concerns * Discussing coping strategies * Social support * Offer to return to talk * Referral Steps: * Contact and engagement * Safety and comfort * Stabilization * Information gathering * Practical assistance * Connection with social supports * Coping information * Linkage with services 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Psychological first aid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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